Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

Data Protection

lord freyberg: To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer byLord Ashton of Hyde on 19 July (HL17042),who will be responsible for monitoring the adequacy of Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) after Brexit; and whether they have adequate powers and sufficient funding in place to enforce the use of SCCs where data transfers between the UK and non-EEA countries are concerned.

baroness barran: When the UK leaves the EU, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) will maintain its responsibility for enforcing compliance with data protection legislation, including monitoring the use of Standard Contractual Clauses. In February 2019 Parliament passed a Statutory Instrument (SI) setting out the criteria and process for creating and amending Standard Contractual Clauses either by the Secretary of State or by the Information Commissioner in conjunction with the Secretary of State. These provisions include a duty on both Secretary of State and the Information Commissioner to keep existing Standard Contractual Clauses under review. The government remains committed to ensuring that the ICO is a world class regulator and has the resources and enforcement tools it needs to safeguard the rights of individuals while allowing organisations to process personal data.

Internet: EU Action

lord taylor of warwick: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of EU plans for a Digital Services Act after Brexit.

baroness barran: Member States have not yet been consulted on EU plans for a Digital Services Act. We look forward to seeing the details of this proposal when it is published.

Artificial Intelligence: Business

lord taylor of warwick: To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to encourage more UK companies to automate decision-making through artificial intelligence technology.

baroness barran: Artificial intelligence and automation present enormous opportunities for our economy. Some studies suggest that artificial intelligence could add 10% to the UK GDP by 2030. Other studies highlight the benefits that artificial intelligence and automation could bring to specific sectors. For example, the independent “Made Smarter” review, published in October 2017, estimated that digital technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing, could add £455bn to the UK manufacturing economy over the next decade. For that reason, under our modern Industrial Strategy, we have taken the following steps to support automation where and when it is appropriate and is for the betterment of society: £558m of the £1.7bn Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund is related to automation;Investment across UKRI partners for robotics, autonomous systems and AI for physical systems since 2014 totals £366m and has attracted a further £153m leverage from private sector or other public bodies;The AI Sector Deal, published in April 2018, is worth up to£950m and is already delivering pioneering skills and data initiatives to create the jobs and markets of tomorrow; Government is backing Made Smarter as our key industrial digitalisation programme, including through up to £121m investment into the Made Smarter digital manufacturing challenge to increase manufacturing productivity by up to 30%;In addition, Government is investing £20m into the Made Smarter North West pilot for adoption of digital technology, which includes robotics and automation;Growth Hubs provide an important one stop shop for businesses seeking to improve their productivity. The £20m Made Smarter North-West Pilots will engage 3,000 SME manufacturers across the north west to improve their productivity, administered through Growth Hubs; and The UK’s Catapult network helps bridge the gap between businesses and the expertise of the UK’s world-class research in automation. In August 2018, Government committed a further £780m over the next 5 years, which will be match funded with over £1.5bn in industry R&D.

Mobile Phones: Rural Areas

baroness kennedy of cradley: To ask Her Majesty's Government what action they are taking to improve mobile signal connectivity in rural areas.

baroness barran: Improving mobile coverage in rural areas is a priority for the Government, and we want the UK to have high-quality mobile coverage where people live, work and travel. We are committed to extending geographic mobile coverage to 95% of the UK, as well as providing an uninterrupted mobile signal on all major roads, and we are considering all of the options available to facilitate this. The Government is working closely with the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to consider their proposal for a Shared Rural Network. Their proposal is still being developed and my department looks forward to hearing more about the industry’s potential solution to the issue of rural mobile coverage. My department also welcomes the current proposals set out in Ofcom’s consultation on awarding the 700 MHz and 3.6-3.8 GHz spectrum bands to improve coverage, which aims to deliver two MNOs to 90% geographic mobile coverage.

World Anti-doping Agency

lord moynihan: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made ofthe World Anti-Doping Agency’s Athletes Commission's aim to seek increased athlete representation on the decision-making bodies of the World Anti-Doping Agency, including the Foundation Board and the Executive Committee.

baroness barran: The athlete community is a pivotal stakeholder group in anti-doping and should be appropriately considered, in line with good governance practices. The Government welcomes recent steps by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to improve its governance practices – notably the recommendations made by the WADA Governance Working Group – that were subsequently adopted by the WADA Foundation Board in November 2018, which provide for one seat as a minimum for athlete representation in all of WADA's Standing Committees. Furthermore, the Government welcomes the commitment made by WADA for there to be an open discussion to determine at which existing and/or new levels within WADA athlete representation could be strengthened.

Youth Sport Trust: Finance

lord moynihan: To ask Her Majesty's Government how much(1) lottery, and (2) government funding, the Youth Sports Trust has received in each of the last ten years, broken down by the purpose to which that funding was awarded.

baroness barran: The Youth Sport Trust has received both exchequer and lottery funding over the past ten years, from Sport England as well as a number of government departments. This information is published in the Youth Sport Trust’s Annual Reports and Accounts, which are publicly available through Companies House (company number 04180163) and the Charity Commission (charity number 1086915), including on their websites. A breakdown of all Sport England’s funding, including the project title, can be found on Sport England’s website here: https://www.sportengland.org/funding/what-have-we-funded/

Sports Competitors: Gender Recognition

lord moynihan: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have, if any, to commission research as to whether male performance advantage in competitive sport is retained after gender transition; and if so, what options they recommend, in regard to the funding of men and women’s sport, to include the transgender community in competitive sport and ensure fairness for all competitors.

baroness barran: We have no plans to commission research into male performance advantage in competitive sport after gender transition. We consider this would be a matter for the respective International Federations and/or the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee.

Sports Competitors: Finance

lord moynihan: To ask Her Majesty's Government what definitionthey use of (1) a woman, and (2) a man, when awarding funding to elite athletes; and whetherthat definition includes the level oftestosterone of an athlete over a period of one year before competition.

baroness barran: It is for sports to determine their own rules in terms of eligibility of athletes to compete. UK Sport funds athletes nominated to a World Class Programme by their respective sports. As long as athletes are eligible to compete, as determined by the sport’s governing body, UK Sport would not discriminate in respect of the investment based on gender.

Digital Technology: Innovation

viscount waverley: To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to incentivise more innovative digital projects in the UK.

baroness barran: The Industrial Strategy set out our commitment to becoming the world’s most innovative economy, ensuring the UK is the best place for researchers and innovators throughout Britain. We are already delivering record increases in public sector R&D investment — an extra £7bn committed by 2021/21 — with a target to reach 2.4% of GDP investment in R&D across the whole economy by 2027. The government is supporting organisations that promote digital innovation. The Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund is incentivising innovation, including in digital projects, by bringing together world-class UK research with business investment to develop new technologies. The Digital Catapult, an advanced digital technology innovation centre, receives funding to drive the early adoption of digital technologies to make UK businesses more competitive. It provides physical and digital facilities for experimentation and brings small companies, corporates, researchers and investors together through innovation programmes. We are also helping innovative companies to access funding to expand and develop new projects. This includes the £2.5 billion British Patient Capital programme, delivered through the British Business Bank, which will support innovative UK companies to access the long-term investment they need to grow and expand worldwide. The Industrial Strategy also supports the development of projects in specific sectors through Sector Deals: long term partnerships between industry and the government. These have included commitments to develop several digital projects to improve productivity in sectors ranging from Rail to Creative Industries to Tourism.

Department for Education

Schools: Standards

lord watson of invergowrie: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of any relationship between the proportion of disadvantaged pupils attending a school and the likelihood of that school receiving a good or outstanding Ofsted rating; and what steps they intend to take as a result of any such assessment.

lord agnew of oulton: The department has not conducted an assessment of the relationship between the proportion of disadvantaged pupils attending a school and its likelihood of being rated by Ofsted as good or outstanding.Schools are allocated additional funding, in the form of the pupil premium, for pupils on roll who are classed as disadvantaged. Pupils are classed as disadvantaged through having been registered for free school meals at any point in the last 6 years, being looked after or having left care through adoption or other specified routes. Schools have flexibility over the ways in which they use this funding to improve the attainment and other outcomes of their disadvantaged pupils and these can include measures to improve the quality of teaching received by those pupils. Ofsted will also consider how leaders and governors spend the pupil premium, their rationale and the intended impact, as part of school inspection.

Ministry of Justice

Personal Independence Payment: West Yorkshire

lord scriven: To ask Her Majesty's Government (1) how many, and (2) what percentage of, Personal Independence Payment Appeals have been successful in West Yorkshire in the last 24 months.

lord keen of elie: The information requested is set out in the table below.Number and percentage of Personal Independence Payment (PIP)1 appeals decided in favour of the appellant in West Yorkshire2 in the last 24 months for which data are available.  No of Decisions in Favour3% Decision in Favour4April 2017 to March 2019487865% 1PIP (New Claim Appeals), which replaced Disability Living Allowance was introduced on 8 April 2013, also includes Disability Living Allowance Reassessed cases.2Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) data are recorded by the office that dealt with the case, and if the case went to oral hearing, the location of the tribunal hearing, normally the hearing venue nearest to the appellant’s home address. Cases relating to West Yorkshire are attributed to the following SSCS venues: Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield and Wakefield.3Decisions in favour - those cases where the original decision is revised in favour of the appellant.4Percentage in favour calculated as the number in favour as a percentage of those cleared at a tribunal hearing. Cases cleared at hearing include some withdrawals.Although care is taken when processing and analysing the data, the details are subject to inaccuracies inherent in any large-scale case management system and are the best data that are available. These data may differ slightly from those in the published statistics as these data were run on a different date.

Personal Independence Payment: West Yorkshire

lord scriven: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of reports that people in West Yorkshire have waited over 100 weeks for their Personal Independence Payment appeal hearings; and, if there is such a backlog, why.

lord keen of elie: For the period 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019 (the latest period for which data are available) there were a total of 571 appeals where people in West Yorkshire2 waited more than 100 weeks for their Personal Independence Payment (PIP)3 appeal hearing. This represents 1.5% of the total number of cases cleared at hearing. 1Data includes cases cleared at a Tribunal hearing. A Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) appeal may be captured more than once as a hearing should the original decision be overturned, set aside or an Upper Tribunal re-hearing is granted. The data are based on the time from receipt in HM Courts & Tribunals Service (HMCTS) to the last decision within the period.2SSCS data are recorded by the office that dealt with the case, and if the case went to oral hearing, the location of the tribunal hearing, normally the hearing venue nearest to the appellant’s home address. Cases relating to the West Yorkshire region are attributed to the following SSCS venues: Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield and Wakefield3 PIP (New Claim Appeals), which replaced Disability Living Allowance was introduced on 8 April 2013, also includes Disability Living Allowance Reassessed cases.4Percentage exceeding 100 wks. is based on the number of cases cleared in over 100 weeks as a percentage of those cleared.Although care is taken when processing and analysing the data, the details are subject to inaccuracies inherent in any large-scale case management system and are the best data that are available. These data may differ slightly from those in the published statistics as these data were run on a different date. It is important that appeals are heard as quickly as possible. HMCTS recognises there are delays in the system and it is in the process of recruiting more judicial office holders in order to increase capacity and help to reduce waiting times for appellants. This includes 250 judges across the First-tier Tribunal, 125 disability qualified members and up to 230 medical members. In addition, HMCTS has recently launched a new digital service with a view to enabling speedier processing of appeals. Information on the new digital service can be found at: www.gov.uk/appeal-benefit-decision/submit-appeal. HMCTS is also working with the Department for Work and Pensions to understand what could be done to reduce the number of appeals being submitted to the Tribunal, through their focus on improving decision-making and the mandatory reconsideration process.

Young Offenders

lord dholakia: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many 10 and 11 year olds received a youth caution or criminal conviction in each of the past five years; and what proportion of those children were in care at the time of the caution or criminal conviction.

lord keen of elie: 20142015201620172018Cautions issued450359309218159Convicted7686717037The table above shows the total number of cautions and convictions issued to 10-11 year olds over the past five calendar years. Published figures do not allow us to distil the number of individuals but instead only the number of cautions/sentences. This is the latest annual data available from the ‘Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2018 – Outcomes by Offence data tool’: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/criminal-justice-system-statistics-quarterly-december-2018 Data on looked after children is not held centrally by the Ministry of Justice. However, children supervised by the local Youth Offending Team or in custody will have their needs, including identifying whether they are looked after, assessed and appropriate measures will be put in place to ensure their individual needs are met.

Youth Custody

lord dholakia: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many children aged between 10 and 14 years old were held in youth custody in each month in the last five years.

lord keen of elie: Custody should always be a last resort for children. Statistics on the numbers of children aged between 10 and 14 held in Youth Custody are published regularly as part of the Youth Custody data series and can be found at the following link;https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/youth-custody-data The table below shows the number children aged between 10 and 14 years old were held in youth custody in each month in the last five years. It should be noted that the data from 2018/19 onwards is currently provisional. Year AprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMar2014/155151514737394445464534442015/165049474234404643333126332016/173834333835363931374042422017/183936394543435250433643472018/194847413742433940433737382019/203836

Youth Custody

lord dholakia: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many 10 and 11 year olds received a custodial sentence in each of the past 10 years.

lord keen of elie: Custody should always be a last resort for children. The table below sets out the number of 10 and 11 year olds who have received a custodial sentence since 2009: 2009201020112012201320142015201620172018 Total Immediate Custody11--------  This is the latest annual data available from the ‘Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2018 – Outcomes by Offence data tool’:https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/criminal-justice-system-statistics-quarterly-december-2018

Special Educational Needs: Appeals

lord lingfield: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the impact on appellants of First-Tier Tribunal (Special Educational Needs and Disability) hearings being cancelled; and what plans they have to mitigate this impact, including any plans to offer financial compensation.

lord keen of elie: Her Majesty’s Courts and Tribunal Service has assessed the impact on all its customers of hearings being cancelled, and has listened to the views of users at recent user groups. To mitigate this, the SEND Tribunal has increased the number of administrative staff, legal advisers and judges to reduce the number of cases which are postponed after they have been listed for hearing and is recruiting additional judges. SEND Tribunals are free to access and use, but where appellants have incurred and can evidence financial loss as a consequence of the postponement of a hearing they may apply for a compensatory payment. Each application for an ex-gratia payment is treated on its own merits.

Ministry of Defence

Middle East: Shipping

the marquess of lothian: To ask Her Majesty's Government what discussions they have had with the government of the United States about the plans, outlined bythe Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 9 July, to create a multinational military coalition to safeguard the waters around Iran and Yemen; and what assessment they have made of the practicality of those proposals.

baroness goldie: The UK is part of ongoing conversations with international allies including the US on how best we can ensure maritime security in the Gulf and protect freedom of navigation. Work to assess the practicality of any proposals continues in parallel with the ongoing conversations with our partners. Freedom of navigation is in every nation's interest. It is therefore unacceptable to illegally seize a ship going about legitimate business in an internationally recognised shipping lane.  We continue to work for stability in the region with the international community and uphold the international rules that protect us all.

Army

lord kilclooney: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many (1) men, and (2) women, are in the British army.

baroness goldie: As at 1 April 2019, there were 74,940 male and 7,510 female personnel in the Regular Army and Gurkha population, and 25,400 male and 4,060 female personnel in the Army Reserve. Notes/Caveats: The Figures are for trained and untrained Regular and Gurkha personnel excluding Full Time Reserve Service. Reserve figures are taken from the FR20 population consisting of Group A Army Reserves, some Sponsored Reserves and those personnel serving on FTRS contracts who were previously Army Reservists. Figures have been rounded to 10 for presentational purposes.

Army Reserve

lord kilclooney: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many people there are in the Army Reserve in (1) Wales, (2) Scotland, (3) Northern Ireland, and (4) England.

baroness goldie: As at 1 April 2019, there were an estimated 1,720 Reserve personnel stationed in Wales, 4,140 in Scotland, 1,950 in Northern Ireland and 21,440 in England.These figures are based on stationed locations, and not on residence or nationality.Figures are taken from the Future Reserve 2020 population, which consists of Group A Army Reserves, some Sponsored Reserves and those personnel serving on Full Time Reserve Service contracts who were previously Army Reservists.

Warships: Decommissioning

lord trefgarne: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many de-commissioned (1) destroyers, and (2) frigates, remain in the ownership of the Ministry of Defence; and how many of those, if any, could be returned to service.

baroness goldie: The Ministry of Defence owns no decommissioned destroyers or frigates; therefore, none are available to be returned to service.

Royal Regiment of Scotland

lord campbell of pittenweem: To ask Her Majesty's Government by how much the battalions of the Royal Regiment of Scotland are under strength.

baroness goldie: The current strength against workforce requirement for the battalions of the Royal Regiment of Scotland can be found in the table. Table 1: Strength and workforce requirement of the battalions of The Royal Regiment of Scotland: The Royal Regiment of ScotlandStrengthWorkforce RequirementRegular BattalionsThe Royal Scots Borderers, 1st Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland290267The Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland480628The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland480628The Highlanders, 4th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland620743Balaklava Company, 5th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland (The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders)80103Reserve Battalions52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland (incl. band)34046851st Highland, 7th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland (incl. band)400468   Notes/Caveats:  Strength figures have been provided by Defence Statistics, whilst Workforce Requirement is a single service estimate. Regular battalions will include some Trained Full Time Reserve Service (FTRS) (Full Commitment). Reserve battalions will include Trained FTRS (Home Commitment), FTRS (Full Commitment), Trained Volunteer Reservists and some Regular personnel. The Highland and Lowland bands are included with the Reserve battalions.Strength figures have been rounded to the nearest 10; numbers ending in "5" have been rounded to the nearest multiple of 20 to prevent systematic bias.

Armed Forces

lord campbell of pittenweem: To ask Her Majesty's Government by how much (1) the Royal Navy, (2) the army, and (3) the Royal Air Force, are under strength.

baroness goldie: The current strength of the Armed Forces as at 1 April 2019 is give in the table below: ServiceTrained StrengthWorkforce RequirementRoyal Navy/Royal Marines29,22430,568Army75,07082,000Royal Air Force30,01031,756Trained Strength comprises military personnel who have completed Phase 1 and 2 training for Royal Navy/Royal Marines, the Army (prior to 1 October 2016) and the Royal Air Force. Following the change in definition of trained strength for Army, from 1 October 2016, trained strength for the Army comprises of personnel who have completed Phase 1 training. The Ministry of Defence remains committed to maintaining the overall size of the Armed Forces and we have a range of measures under way to improve recruitment and retention. The challenge is kept under constant review.Importantly the Services continue to meet all their current commitments, keeping the country and its interests safe. The strength of the Armed Forces is published every three months and can be found in the UK Armed Forces Quarterly Service Personnel Statistics at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2019

Armed Forces: Recruitment

lord campbell of pittenweem: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many (1) Royal Navy, (2)army, and (3) Royal Air Force, recruits there were ineach ofthe last five years for which records are available.

baroness goldie: The number of recruits joining the Armed Forces in the last five years is given in the table below.12 Months Ending31 March 201531 March 201631 March 201731 March 201831 March 2019Tri-Service12,98013,79613,38312,35912,485Royal Navy/Royal Marines2,9332,9973,0453,0423,143Army8,1658,6008,2947,2176,985Royal Air Force1,8822,1992,0442,1002,357UK Regular Forces includes trained and untrained UK Regulars, excludes Gurkhas, Military Provost Guard Service, Locally Engaged Personnel, Volunteer Reserve, Serving Regular Reserve, Sponsored Reserve, and Full Time Reserve Service. The Armed Forces recruitment figures are published in the Armed Forces Quarterly Service Personnel Statistics at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2019

Military Alliances

baroness taylor of bolton: To ask Her Majesty's Government which Ministers have attended discussions within the Five Powers Defence Arrangement in the last five years.

baroness goldie: Ministry of Defence Ministers have attended the following meetings to discuss the Five Powers Defence Arrangements (FPDA). YearMeetingLocationMinister2014FPDA Defence Ministers MeetingMalaysiaSecretary of State (Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP)2015FPDA informal breakfast at the annual Shangri La DialogueSingaporeSecretary of State (Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP)2016FPDA informal breakfast at the annual Shangri La DialogueSingaporeSecretary of State (Rt Hon Sir Michael Fallon MP)2017FPDA Defence Ministers MeetingSingaporeNo ministerial attendance due to the UK General Election2018FPDA informal breakfast at the annual Shangri La DialogueSingaporeSecretary of State (Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP)2019FPDA informal breakfast at the annual Shangri La DialogueSingaporeSecretary of State (Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP)

Merchant Shipping: Security

lord taylor of warwick: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have, if any,to join a United States-led shipping coalition after Brexit.

baroness goldie: The UK is part of ongoing conversations with international allies, including the US on how best we can ensure maritime security in the Gulf and protect freedom of navigation. This is not connected to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union. Freedom of navigation is in every nation's interest; it is unacceptable to illegally seize a ship going about legitimate business in an internationally recognised shipping lane. Any action we take will be aimed at ensuring freedom of navigation is maintained. We continue to work for stability in the region with the international community, and to uphold the international rules that protect us all.

Warships: Repairs and Maintenance

lord jones of cheltenham: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many Royal Navy ships are currently undergoing repair;and how many were out of service for repairs in each of the last ten years.

lord jones of cheltenham: To ask Her Majesty's Government whatestimate they have made of the cost of repairing Royal Navy ships currently unfit for action.

baroness goldie: All Royal Navy (RN) ships rotate through planned operating cycles involving maintenance, repair, training, deployment, leave and upgrades. This results in individual ships being at various levels of readiness at any one time in accordance with the long-term operating schedule and operational needs; they remain in service during these periods. These periods are necessary for any highly complex system maintenance and are essential to ensure ships are fit for purpose in the most hostile of operational environments. In addition, the periods provide an opportunity to complete modifications and to fit essential upgrades to systems. Repair work on individual ships and their systems takes place during both planned maintenance periods and operational deployments. It is our policy to not disclose the readiness state of individual ships as this would, or would be likely to prejudice the capability, effectiveness or security of the Armed Forces. However, currently the following RN ships are undertaking routine docking or their deep refit period and are therefore unavailable for operational tasking: HMS RICHMOND; HMS DAUNTLESS; HMS PEMBROKE; HMS LANCASTER; HMS SOMERSET; HMS PORTLAND; HMS MIDDLETON; HMS IRON DUKE; HMS DARING Maintenance of Royal Navy warships is funded through an In Service Support allocation of Naval funds through a Maritime Support Delivery Framework contract.

Army

lord kilclooney: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many (1) men, and (2) women, are serving full-time in the British army.

baroness goldie: As at 1 April 2019, there were 75,230 male and 7,540 female personnel in the full-time trade-trained strength and their untrained counterparts. This population does not include full-time Reserves Service (Home Commitment), Military Provost Guard Service and non-regular permanent staff, of which there are an additional 4,960 male and 260 female personnel. Full-time trade-trained strength includes Regulars, Gurkhas, and full-time Reserves Service (Full Commitment and Limited Commitment). Mobilised Reserves have not been included in the data, as these are only full-time whilst mobilised. Figures have been rounded to 10 for presentational purposes.